CASE STUDY · CS-06

Documents, triaged.

A design study for AI-assisted document intake, with extraction people can verify and review where confidence is low.

Illustrative concept

A design exploration of a real problem type, not a delivered client engagement. Results are intended outcomes, described qualitatively, with the measures that would verify them. No metrics are claimed.

PROBLEM
Incoming documents are read, classified, and keyed in by hand; volumes spike unpredictably and errors are caught late.
SOLUTION CATEGORY
AI-assisted document intake and extraction
TECHNOLOGY
  • Python
  • OCR
  • LLM structured outputs
  • PostgreSQL
  • Queue workers
  • React
INTENDED OUTCOME
Routine documents processed with human review where confidence is low, and every extracted field traceable to the text it came from.
  1. 01Intake

    • Email inbox
    • Upload portal
    • Scanner
  2. 02Understanding

    • OCR
    • Classification
    • Field extraction
  3. 03Validation

    • Schema rules
    • Confidence thresholds
    • Cross-checks
  4. 04Review

    • Review queue
    • Source side-by-side
    • Corrections
  5. 05Systems of record

    • Case system export
    • Audit log
The system at a glance: 5 layers, read in order. Highlighted components mark the primary path. Read the architecture.

01 / 14

Overview

Professional-services teams receive forms, letters, and supporting documents in many formats. Skilled people spend time reading and re-typing instead of doing the work the documents are for.

This study designs an intake pipeline that classifies documents, extracts the fields that matter, validates them, and sends uncertain cases to a person with the source text alongside.

02 / 14

Challenge

How can document intake be faster and more consistent without accepting extraction errors into systems of record?

Extraction will sometimes be wrong. The design has to make it obvious when, and make correction faster than starting from scratch.

03 / 14

Constraints

  • Varied inputs

    Scans, photos, PDFs, and email bodies, in varying quality.

  • Sensitive content

    Documents can contain personal data; retention and access rules apply.

  • Accountability

    Every value written to a system of record must be traceable to its source and reviewer.

  • Spiky volume

    Deadlines create sudden peaks that the pipeline must queue rather than drop.

04 / 14

Discovery

WHAT DISCOVERY WOULD ESTABLISH

  1. 01

    Document sampling

    Collect representative examples of each document type, including poor-quality ones.

  2. 02

    Field priorities

    Agree which fields matter for downstream work and what an error in each would cost.

  3. 03

    Current review practice

    Understand how people check documents today and what they look for.

  4. 04

    Labeled test set

    Create a reviewed set of documents with correct values to measure extraction.

05 / 14

Solution

Documents arrive through email, upload, or scanning, and are queued for OCR, classification, and structured extraction. Each field carries a confidence signal and a link to its location in the source.

Schema rules and cross-checks validate the result. Documents that pass go forward; anything uncertain goes to a review queue with the source and extracted values side by side.

CAPABILITIES

  • Multi-channel intake
  • Document classification
  • Structured field extraction
  • Validation rules and cross-checks
  • Side-by-side review queue
  • Field-level audit trail

06 / 14

UX & product decisions

  1. DECISION 01

    Review by exception

    WHY
    People focus on uncertain documents instead of re-checking everything.
    TRADE-OFF
    Thresholds start conservative, so early review volume is higher.
  2. DECISION 02

    Show the source next to every field

    WHY
    Reviewers verify a value in seconds when they can see where it came from.
    TRADE-OFF
    Requires storing positions for each extracted value.
  3. DECISION 03

    Corrections improve the system

    WHY
    Every correction is stored and added to the evaluation set.
    TRADE-OFF
    Corrections need periodic review before they are used.

07 / 14

Architecture

Each stage is a queued, retryable step. Model output is never written directly to a system of record; it passes validation and, where needed, human review first.

  1. L1

    Intake

    Receives documents from every channel into one queue.

    • Email inbox
    • Upload portal
    • Scanner
  2. L2

    Understanding

    Turns pages into text, types, and candidate field values.

    • OCR
    • Classification
    • Field extraction
  3. L3

    Validation

    Checks values against rules, formats, and each other.

    • Schema rules
    • Confidence thresholds
    • Cross-checks
  4. L4

    Review

    Where people confirm or correct uncertain results.

    • Review queue
    • Source side-by-side
    • Corrections
  5. L5

    Systems of record

    Receives only validated or reviewed data.

    • Case system export
    • Audit log

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

  1. Models propose, rules decide

    Deterministic validation sits between model output and any downstream write.

  2. Traceable values

    Each field links to its page, position, model version, and reviewer.

  3. Queue every stage

    Peaks are absorbed by queues, and failed steps retry without reprocessing everything.

08 / 14

Technology

AreaChoiceWhy
Pipeline
  • Python
  • Queue workers
Mature document-processing libraries and independently scalable stages.
Extraction
  • OCR
  • LLM structured outputs
Schema-constrained output keeps extraction typed and easy to validate.
Data
  • PostgreSQL
Documents, fields, positions, and review history in one auditable store.
Review interface
  • React
A fast, keyboard-friendly review screen with the source alongside.

09 / 14

Implementation

PROPOSED DELIVERY SEQUENCE

  1. PHASE 01

    One document type

    Start with the highest-volume type and its most important fields.

  2. PHASE 02

    Measure on the test set

    Score extraction per field before connecting any downstream system.

  3. PHASE 03

    Review-everything pilot

    Route all documents to review at first, to calibrate thresholds with real data.

  4. PHASE 04

    Raise automation gradually

    Relax thresholds per field only where evidence supports it.

10 / 14

Testing

  1. Extraction accuracy

    Field-level scoring against the labeled set on every model or prompt change.

  2. Validation rules

    Unit tests for each rule and cross-check, including edge formats.

  3. Poor-quality inputs

    Skewed, low-resolution, and multi-page scans in the regression set.

  4. Review workflow

    End-to-end tests for confirm, correct, and reject paths.

11 / 14

Infrastructure

  1. Isolated processing

    Document storage and processing in a restricted environment with encryption at rest.

  2. Retention controls

    Automatic deletion according to agreed retention periods.

  3. Queue monitoring

    Backlog size, processing time, and review age tracked with alerts.

12 / 14

Key challenges

  1. CHALLENGE 01

    Confident but wrong extractions.

    RESPONSE

    Cross-checks between related fields and conservative per-field thresholds.

  2. CHALLENGE 02

    New document layouts.

    RESPONSE

    Unknown layouts are classified as such and routed to review instead of forced into a type.

  3. CHALLENGE 03

    Reviewer fatigue.

    RESPONSE

    Highlight only uncertain fields, and keep the review screen fully keyboard-driven.

13 / 14

Results

This is a concept, so there are no measured results. The outcomes below are what the design is intended to achieve; the measures after them are how a pilot would verify it against an agreed baseline.

INTENDED RESULTS · QUALITATIVE

  • People review uncertain documents instead of re-typing every one.
  • Every value in a system of record can be traced to its source and reviewer.
  • Peaks are queued and processed rather than piling up in inboxes.

HOW RESULTS WOULD BE VERIFIED

  • Field-level extraction accuracy on the labeled test set.
  • Share of documents needing review, tracked as thresholds change.
  • Handling time and downstream correction rates against the current baseline.

14 / 14

Lessons

  1. 01

    Plan for being wrong

    The review experience matters as much as extraction quality.

  2. 02

    Per-field, not per-document

    Confidence and automation decisions work best at the field level.

  3. 03

    Keep a labeled set alive

    Corrections feed a test set that protects against regressions.